Composition of matter to resist wear and antiskid device embodying the same.



H. P. BROWN.

COMPUSITION 0F MATTER T0 HESTST WEAR AND ANTISKIDDEVICE EMBODYING THE SAME. APPLIcArloN mw TLB. z. 19m.

1 ,266, 100,. Patented May 14, 1918.

wh www, I 5% M QW HAROLD P. BROWN, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

Speclcation of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14, 1918.

Application led February 7, 1914. Serial No. 817,271.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HAnoLn P. BROWN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Com osition of Matter to Resist lVear and Antisliid Devices Embodying the Same, of which the following is a full. clear, and accurate specification.

This invention relates to composition of matter especially designed to resist wear, to act as an abradant or to offer high resistance to slippage. By high resistance to slippage is meant a high coeiiicient of friction. This invention also relates to the embodying of such composition of matter in vehicle tires, abrasive devices, step treads, shoe heels and the like.

This invention has in view the embedding of abrasive, friction or wear material in a sub-divided state in an elastic matrix such as rubber.

At the present time it is known to be old to use abrasive material of the nature of emery, carborundum and the like embedded in soft metal of low melting point in places where an abrasive or friction material is needed. It is also old to plate the surface of such abrasive material with metal so that tht` matrix metal will adhere to such plating. The lack of elasticity in such metal matrix, however, causes the enlargement of the setting 'and the displacement and loss of the abrasive material.

An abrasive material has also been used with rubber in shoe soles and with rubber for erasers, but no method has heretofore been discovered for causing a strong adhesion between the surfaces of the abrasive and the rubber. The abrasive has merely been mechanically mixed with the rubber and under the strain of compression and ax'tension in service it works out and is ost.

In rubber automobile tires, spool shaped buttons or rivets have been inserted radially in the rubber to obtain friction on a greasy road. These spools or rivets have sometimes been cemented into place, but in warm weather the heating of the metal causes its surface to slip on the contiguous rubber sur- Vwithout injury. On the other face s'o that the metal is forced out from the tire and lost.

This difficulty tion by plating the partlcles of is overcome in this invenor coating the surfaces of the abradant, friction or wear material with an allo which has the property of adhering tight y to rubber or similar elastic materials when the latter is vulcanized preferably under more or less pressure. Such an alloy may be made of copper, zinc and antimony used in an electroplating bath with a solution which will dissolve it.

Steel containing 11% to 13% of manganese is so strongly wear resisting that it cannot be shaped by machine tools or files. It is therefore an excellent material for withstanding heavy blows and great weight hand, emery, silex, corundum, or carborundum while fine abradants and Vexceller'it in preventing slippage, may be crushed too heavy weights or blows. Therefore 1n my inven tion, it is intended to use particles of special manganese steel to take the heavy weights and particles of abradant material preferably of the same size or smaller embedded in the saine soft rubber to su ply the antiskidding and non-slipping attire where the service is such as to require it.

Part of my inventionconsists in embodying in a special way this material in articles such as stair treads, vehicle tires or anti- 1s kkid devices, grinding wheels, tools and the The material per se needs no illustration.

In the accompanying drawing forming part of this specitication:`

Figure l is a cross section of the tread such as a steptread. i 4

Fig. 2 is a cross section of vehicle tire. The invention well Sto' other types of tires. 1 Fig. 3 is a cross section `on line III-III of F1 4 showing a tire' equi pcd with an antiid device embodyin t is invention.

'Fig 4 is a plan view o? the same.

Fig. 5 is n1 'al cross section through such a grindingor olishing wheel. 1 .-Fig'll isf'alvertica ise'ction through such ashemale.l

such pneumatic applies equally Sil Fig. 7 is a vertical section through such a shoe heel.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross section of the ordinary antikid tire chain equipped with the gripping and wear resisting material.

Fig. 9 is a view of a modified structure,

Fig. 10 is a view of a second modified structure.

Referring to Fig. 1, the base B of the tread consists of a metal or other firm plate which 'is plated with the above mention alloy or one similar to it indicated at P; next is placed a lager of elastic rubber or similar material having an exterior layer D in which are inserted particles of the slip preventing material A, each particle of which is completely covered with a layer of the said plating. After this comound tread is vu canized, the rubber adres strongly but flexibly to the base B and to each particle. The layer R acts as a cushion preventing the wear resisting particles from acting injuriously upon the base B; it also when under pressure tends to push outward the articles A into the contacting surface, t ereby preventing slippage.

X represents any known type of rein-I forcement. Sucli reinforcement is ap lied either to the wear resisting material or to the vcushion member R or both as occasion demands. If necessary, such reinforcement may be added to other structures disclosed herein. If required plated wear resisting particles W, W may also be 'inserted in the material D.

Referring to Fig. 2, R' is a conventional pneumatic tire,the outer layer' D of which contains the plated wear resistiniarticles IV. Gripping particles A mag) added. C is the reinforcing metal ca le or wire plated with the said alloy to secure greater adhesion to the tire. In the case of sld ca les tires similar reinforcing treads and may be used. l

Referring to Fi s. 3 and 4, R 1s a conventional tire and the anti-skid device applied tothe tread thereof. The anti-skid device is composed of a metal base late B provided with hook or loop H, at each end, and Vplated with the alloy and coated on the face in contact with-the tire with rubber or similar material R". R* is a coating of rubber or similar material on the exterior of the face. D is a tread containing the wear resisting particles W, W and the slip preventin particles A, A all inclosed in the said p atm P and therepfore after vulcanization, a `ering strongly but flexibly to the elastic rubber. The antiskid device so composed may be made as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 of a series of l gripping material with the alloy diamond shaped plates bent around the exterior of the tire and held in place by suitable securing means to a ring or endless s ring G on each side of the tire. These p ates ma be arranged in contact as illustrated in ig. 4 or t e may be overlapped as shown in Fig. 9, t us giving increased friction or drivin surface. The anti-skid device may be a so com oscd of bands placed across the tire a ew inches apart as shown in Fig. 10, such bands bei secured to wire rings on either side o the tire by bending over the ends.

Referrin to Fig. 5, E is a grinding or polishing 'sk havinlg an alloy platin and the two layers and R, of rub er, containing articles A, A of the abradant material. r of course the entire grinding or polishing device may be of the abradant material, as best Referring to Fig. 6, F is a portion of shoe showing the sole in a transverse vertical section. In this I is the usual inner sole. R the inner layer of llexible inaterial. D*l the vouter layer of elastic material having embedded therein lated wear resisting or grip ing particles and A.

Referring to `ig. 7, J is the rear elevation of the shoe with the heel portion in vertical section. I of the intermediate heel lifts. Ra the ilexible cushion la er and D* the elastic outer layer having t e plated wear resisting and gripping particles W and A embedded therein. l

Referring to Fig. 8, K ripresents the tire in longitu inal section; the ordinary anti-skid tire all across the tread of the tire. is a lin of the chain plated with the alloy. R the mass of rubber or similar elastic material embracin the link; D a la er of rubber or simi ar elastic material avin embedded therein the wear resisti an gripping particles W and A coa with the alloy. It will be seen that the tire chain so e uipped presents a soft, nonchafing sur ace to the tire and a gripping and wear resisting surface to the roadway.

It is to be a preciated that any attempt to embed subivided wear-resisting, abrasive or fgripping material directly.or by means o any hitherto known cements, re-

sults in failure because of insufficient bond.

This is ag ava-ted in cases where the material is su jected to heat, since heat softens the cement. By; connecting the elastic matrix and the wear-resisting, abrasive or lating, a stronger bond results, which 'is o n superior to the cohesion of the bodies joined. I'ljhe resulting flexible, wear-resisting abrasive or gripping able properties. In the case of rigid matechain member passin later-` is the inner sole or one i material has certain 'valurials of this-nature when subjected to duty the wear-resisting, abrasive or grippin particles in contact with the object. acte upon are subjected to excessive pressure, and as the are often of a crystalline nature, they crum le so that the material Wears rapidly. With this elastic material it can be seen that the abrasive wear-resisting or gripping material is held up to its work but that the pressure is not unyielding so that while the particles perform their designed duty they are given an opportunity to yield to excessive force.

It is also appreciated that while in any of these structures the cushion R is of advantage, its use is not essential in all eases in my invention. Where desirable, the material bearing the abradant, grippin or wear resisting material may be attache directly to the base.

In the claims, the term hard material is understood as representing materials having abrasive, wear-resisting and gripping properties.

By the expression of material in a state of sub-division I do not intend to be limited to any particular size.

I claim:

1. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division rmly adhering-to an elastic matrix by result of chemical combination between the material and the ma trix.

2. The combination of a wear-resisting material in a state of sub-division firmly adhering to an elastic matrix by result of chemical combination between the material and the matrix.

3. The combination of an abrasive or gripping material in a state of sub-division firmly adhering to an elastic matrix by result of chemical combination between the material and the matrix.

4. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division rmly united to an elastic matrix and the matrix firmly united to a base by result of chemical combination between the said material, the base and the matrix.

5. The combination `of a wear-resisting material in a state of sub-division firmly adhering to anelastic matrix and the matrix firmly united to a base b result of chemical combination between t e said material, the base and the matrix.

6. The combination of an abradant or gripping material in a state of sub-division firmly united to an elastic matrix and the matrix firmly adhering to the base by result of chemical combination between the said material, the base and the matrix.

7. The combination ofahard material in a state of sub-division irmly adhering to an elastic matrix by an interposed platlng.

8. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division, a plating applied to sach material, an elastic matrix embracing such plated material, a base member and a cushion interposed between the base and thc matrix.

9. The combination of a wear resisting material in a state of sub-division, a plating applied thereto, an elastic matrix embracing such lated material, a base member and a cus ion interposed between the base and the matrix.

10. The combination of an abradant or gripping material in a state of sub-division,- a p ating applied to such material, an elastic matrix embracing such plated material, a base member and a cushion interposed between the base and the matrix.

11. The combination of a hard material in a. state of sub-division; plating applied to such material; an elastic matrix embracing such plated material and an elastic cushion ap lied to a portion of said matrix.

12. e combination of a wear resisting material in a state of sub-division; plating ap lied to such material; an elastic matrix ein racing such lated material and an elastic cusliion app ied to a portion of said matrix.

13. The combination of an abradant or gripping material in a state of sub-division; plating ap lied to such material; an elastic matrix ein racing such plated material and an elastic cushion applied to a portion of said matrix.

14. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division; plating ap lied to such material; an elastic matrix em racing such plated material and a reinforcement embedded in such elastic matrix.

15. The combination of a Wear resisting material in a state of sub-division; plating ap lied to vsuch material; an elastic matrix ein racing such plated material; and a re inforcement embedded in such elastic matrix.

16. .The combination of an abradant or gripping material in a state of sub-division; plating applied to such material; an elastic matrix embracing such lated material' and a. reinforcement em ded in such elastic matrix.

17. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division, plating ap lied to such material; an elastic matrix em racing such plated material; a reinforcement embedded in such elastic matrix-and a base member secured to said matrix.

18. The combination of a wear resisting material in a state of sub-division; plating applied to such material; an elastic matrix em racing such plated material; a reinforcement embedded in such elastic matrix and a base member secured to said matrix.

19. The combination of an abradant or gripping material in a state of sub-division; plating applied to such material; an elastic matrix embracin such plated lmaterial; a reinforcement em ded in such elastic matrix and a base member secured to said matrix.

20. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division; plating applied to such material; an elastic matrix embracinfn such plated material and an elastic cushion applied to a portion of said matrix, and a rein orcement embedded in the resulting elastic structure.

21. An elastic tire comprising a tread element composed of elastic matrix and plated hard material in a. state of sub-division embedded in said matrix. Y

22. An anti-skid device for tires or the like, comprising a base member, an elastic cushion applied to both sides of the base, an

elastic matrix applied to the exterior of the cushion and hard plated material in a state of sub-division embedded in said matrix.

23. An element of anti-skid device, comprising a chain, an elastic cushion embracing such chain. an elastic matrix applied to portieri of said cushion, a hard plated material in a state of sub-division embedded in such elastic matrix.

24. The combination of a hard material in a state of sub-division, a surrounding elastic matrix a uniting material interposed between the hard material and matrix which has greater adhering properties to both the hard material and the matrix than does the hard material to the matrix.

HAROLD P. BROWN.

Witnesses:

JOHN COMERY, E. M. REED.

0091s: of this patent my be obtained for Ive cents enh, by addressing the Golmlninlr e! kmh,

Washington, D. c. 

